Asphalt

The word “asphalt” comes from the prehistoric Akkadian term “asphalt”. The term was adopted by the Homeric Greeks to mean "to tighten or to fix". The term "asphaltic" was later translated into Latin and French as asphalte (asphalte) and eventually into English as asphalt (aspahalte). From prehistory to the present, asphalt has been a binder for binding, covering and sealing objects. Originally used to seal baths in temples in Mesopotamia, the Ancient Egyptians used it to connect embankments along the Nile River to prevent erosion. In the 3000s BC, the Indus Valley Civilization used it to mark the fields of the crops they gathered. In the Sumerians, they used it as a mortar to join the bricks of the houses you made. As the first road material, asphalt obtained from natural deposits was used in the roads of Babylon in 625 BC in Mesopotamia. As asphalt is an impermeable material, it was also used as insulation, coating and mortar.

Asphalt is a viscous bituminous mixed organic-based substance containing petroleum tar and used as the most common road construction material all over the world. It can also be produced by refining crude oil. So-called natural asphalt goes through stages to become usable.

The plastic that softens with heat at a certain temperature, the polymer material that becomes bendable or malleable and conforms to the determined mold after cooling is called 'thermoplastic'. The main feature of asphalt is that it is thermoplastic. In this way, after being shaped easily, it can harden again in the desired and specified mold. When it receives an impact, it exhibits a fluid feature according to the hardness of the impact and is shaped accordingly. With its elastic feature, it provides easy use in road constructions and is durable when exposed to impact.

-Road Works
-Wall and floor tiling papers
-Gym and fields
-Polish making
-Airport pavement work
-Insulation
-Water channels coating work

Asphalt, contrary to popular belief, is not only road construction material. Asphalt, which is widely used in airport constructions and whose performance is increased day by day, is an advantageous product with alternatives suitable for all purposes with its thermoplastic feature. Since it is formed from a thermal mixture of bitumen and aggregate, more than desired efficiency can be obtained when used in road construction and for insulation purposes. Pavements made with other materials provide 20% more energy than pavements made with asphalt.


-Road safety
-Road comfort
-Durability
-Easy adaptation to climatic conditions
-Being a recyclable material
-Comfortable driving experience
-Ability to be shaped according to need
-Ease of use for years
-Reducing noise pollution<
-Ease of maintenance

Substances such as being beneficial in terms of price and performance are the advantages of asphalt.

Today, with the transportation reaching 95%, the importance of road construction and asphalt quality is increasing. Road irregularities and damages have increased due to changing vehicle volumes, weights, wheel types and pressure. While technology is developing like this, keeping the asphalt in the same condition causes an increase in accidents, traffic jams and discomfort. There have been developments in the asphalt industry to minimize these existing problems.

• Polymer Modified Bitumen and Additives
The classic asphalt concrete, which has been used since 1970, could not be prevented from being damaged by the effect of increasing traffic, changing cars and wheels. It could not show resistance to high temperature and heavy traffic conditions in soft bitumen. In hard bitumen mixtures, the risk of cracking increased in cold climate conditions. In the 1980s, binder additives called polymers began to be used. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB), produced by adding polymer to bitumen, has prevented water from entering between binder and aggregate with its strong adhesion capabilities, reduced the sensitivity of the coating to temperature changes, and increased the resistance of the mixture against permanent deformations and fatigue.

• Stone Mastic Asphalt - SMA (Stone Mastic Asphalt)
Stone mastic asphalt, which has been widely used in recent years in areas requiring robustness such as airports, multi-traffic roads and ports, is preferred as the highest performance coating type all over the world. SMA, which creates a smooth floor, also positively affects the slip resistance. The reasons for preference are longer road life, length of use, laying in thin layers and minimizing noise pollution.

• Porous Asphalt
It is asphalt type that prevents water accumulation, this feature is very important in terms of traffic and driver safety. Porous asphalt, which has a hollow structure, absorbs both water and noise by 75%.

The preparation of the road construction project consists of two stages.

The first stage is the preparation of the road project.

• Road route discovery (Istiksaf)
• Precise application.
• Generating the polygon mesh and making the current map.
• Drawing and calculation of cross-sections and boy-sections.
• Calculation of volume and finally calculation of road cost.
The second stage is road construction.
• Driving piles at designated points.
• Construction of Infrastructure and Superstructure
• Making road accessories.

There are different applications and tools, machines for successful asphalt paving. Some of the details that matter are the asphalt material, the location of the job and the type of equipment available to lay the asphalt surface.
The cost of the road should be low and it should be done in accordance with the standards. The road made for this must comply with the project standards. Project standards;

-Project speed is defined as the safe completion of the work at the highest speed when the climate and weather conditions are provided normally.

-Maximum slope is determined according to the topographic condition and class of the road. Where the height is higher, the slope is kept higher.

-Minimum curve radius advances in direct proportion to the project speed.

-The cross-section type is used to determine the type of road, the height of the pavement, the width of the road and the type of slopes, etc.

After the project standards are completed, the Technical Study is started. Technical Study content;

-Traffic Study is the testing of vehicle speed, number, type and weight, daily variation of traffic volume for safe movement of vehicles on the road.

-Geological Soil Investigation is the ground survey of the land where the road will be studied.

-Route survey in terms of project standards and land roughness is a survey system made by looking at the topographic condition of the land on which road work will be done according to the project standards.

The composition of asphalt is quite complex and variable, mainly from oil separation and distillation or from natural resources. Today, asphalt is often obtained from the distillation of petroleum. Pitch is also obtained from the distillation of coal. Butyme (Asphalt) is a hydrocarbon compound obtained by distillation of crude oil, its color is between dark brown and black. Structurally, it exists in solid, liquid and semi-solid consistencies. Asphalt emulsions obtained with a mixture of hot asphalt and water are applied to the road surface cold with natural stones such as gravel and aggregate.

• HOT MIXTURE ASPHALT (BITUMINOUS HOT MIXTURE / BSK)
In the production of hot bituminous mixture, the bitumen, which has been dried and heated at a temperature of 145-160 °C, heated to approximately the same temperature and turned into a viscous liquid, is mixed in the plant in accordance with the mixture design ratios. While the aggregate and bitumen ratios in the mixture vary depending on the layer and properties of the mixture, approximately 95% of the mixture is aggregate and 5% is bitumen. As well as 40/60, 50/70 and 70/100 penetration bitumens, modified bitumens are also used. It is the most common type of production used as asphalt road.

• COLD ASPHALT (BITUMINOUS MORTAR COATING SLURRY SEAL) ** SLURRY SEAL & MICROSURFACING ASPHALT COATING.
cold asphalt; It is a mortar type mixture designed with a graded uniform fine aggregate, asphalt emulsion, mineral fillers and water. It is used in preventive and corrective maintenance of the asphalt pavement surface. Its cost is quite low compared to hot asphalt and other coating applications. road holding ability

• STONE MASTIC ASPHALT (STONE MASTIC ASPHALT) SMA. ...

• POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT.
In the production of hot bituminous mixture, the bitumen, which has been dried and heated at a temperature of 145-160 °C, heated to approximately the same temperature and turned into a viscous liquid, is mixed in the plant in accordance with the mixture design ratios. While the aggregate and bitumen ratios in the mixture vary depending on the layer and properties of the mixture, approximately 95% of the mixture is aggregate and 5% is bitumen. As well as 40/60, 50/70 and 70/100 penetration bitumens, modified bitumens are also used. It is the most common type of production used as asphalt road.

• Blend type BSK plant

• BSK Laying and Compacting